Ubumenyi bwibanze bujyanye no gukuramo plastike ukwiye kumenya

Iriburiro rya Plastike

Gukuramo plastike nimwe mubikorwa bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora inganda za plastiki, cyane cyane kuri thermoplastique. Bisa no guterwa inshinge, gukuramo gukoreshwa mugukora ibintu bifite imyirondoro ikomeza, nk'imiyoboro, imiyoboro, hamwe n'inzugi z'umuryango. Gukuramo ibintu bya kijyambere bya termoplastique byabaye igikoresho gikomeye mugihe cyikinyejana, bituma habaho umusaruro mwinshi wibice bikomeza. Abakiriya bafatanya namasosiyete yo gukuramo plastike kugirango batezimbere ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byabigenewe kubyo bakeneye byihariye.

Iyi ngingo iracengera mu shingiro ryo gukuramo plastike, isobanura uburyo inzira ikora, ibikoresho bya termoplastique bishobora gusohora, ibicuruzwa bikunze gukorwa hifashishijwe ibicuruzwa biva muri pulasitike, nuburyo uburyo bwo gukuramo plastike bugereranywa no gukuramo aluminium.

Inzira yo gukuramo plastike

Kugira ngo wumve inzira yo gukuramo plastike, ni ngombwa kumenya icyo extruder aricyo nicyo ikora. Mubisanzwe, extruder igizwe nibice bikurikira:

Hopper: Ubika ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mbisi.

Kugaburira Umuhogo: Kugaburira plastike kuva hopper muri barriel.

Ubushyuhe bushyushye: Harimo umugozi utwarwa na moteri, isunika ibikoresho bigana ku rupfu.

Isahani yameneka: Yahawe na ecran yo gushungura ibikoresho no gukomeza igitutu.

Kugaburira Umuyoboro: Kwimura ibikoresho bishongeshejwe kuva kuri barri kugeza gupfa.

Gupfa: Shira ibikoresho muburyo bwifuzwa.

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha: Iremeza gukomera kumurongo wigice.

Igikorwa cyo gukuramo plastiki gitangira wuzuza hopper ibikoresho bikomeye, nka pellet cyangwa flake. Ibikoresho bigaburirwa imbaraga zinyuze mu muhogo wo kugaburira muri barri ya extruder. Mugihe ibikoresho byinjiye muri barriel, birashyuha binyuze ahantu hashyuha. Icyarimwe, ibikoresho bisunikwa bigana ku rupfu rwa barriel hamwe na screw isubiranamo, itwarwa na moteri. Imiyoboro hamwe nigitutu bitanga ubushyuhe bwinyongera, ahantu hashyuha rero ntigomba gushyuha nkubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo gusohora.

Plastike yashongeshejwe isohoka muri barrile ikoresheje ecran ishimangirwa na plaque yamenagura, ikuraho umwanda kandi igakomeza umuvuduko umwe muri barriel. Ibikoresho noneho binyura mu muyoboro wibiryo mu rupfu rwabigenewe, rufite ifungura rimeze nkumwirondoro wifuzwa, bikabyara plastike yabigenewe.

Nkuko ibikoresho bihatirwa gupfa, bifata imiterere yo gufungura, kurangiza inzira yo gukuramo. Umwirondoro usohotse noneho ukonjeshwa mu bwogero bwamazi cyangwa unyuze murukurikirane rwo gukonjesha kugirango rukomere.

Amashanyarazi ya plastike

Gukuramo plastike birakwiriye kubikoresho bitandukanye bya termoplastique, bishyushye aho bishonga bitarinze kwangirika kwubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo buratandukanye bitewe na plastiki yihariye. Amashanyarazi asanzwe ya plastike arimo:

Polyethylene (PE): Gusohora hagati ya 400 ° C (ubucucike buke) na 600 ° C (ubucucike bwinshi).

Polystirene (PS): ~ 450 ° C.

Nylon: 450 ° C kugeza kuri 520 ° C.

Polypropilene (PP): ~ 450 ° C.

PVC: Hagati ya 350 ° C na 380 ° C.

Rimwe na rimwe, elastomers cyangwa plastike ya thermosetting irashobora gusohoka aho kuba thermoplastique.

Porogaramu ya Plastike

Amashanyarazi ya plastike arashobora gukora ibice byinshi hamwe numwirondoro uhoraho. Umwirondoro wa plastike nibyiza kumiyoboro, imyirondoro yumuryango, ibice byimodoka, nibindi byinshi.

1. Imiyoboro hamwe nigituba

Imiyoboro ya pulasitike hamwe nigituba, akenshi bikozwe muri PVC cyangwa ubundi buryo bwa termoplastike, nibisanzwe byo gukuramo plastike kubera imyirondoro yabo yoroshye. Urugero ni imiyoboro itwara amazi.

2. Gukoresha insinga

Amashanyarazi menshi atanga amashanyarazi meza hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, bigatuma akwirakwizwa no gukuramo insinga ninsinga. Fluoropolymers nayo ikoreshwa kubwiyi ntego.

3. Urugi na Idirishya

Urugi rwa plastiki nidirishya ryamadirishya, birangwa numwirondoro wabo uhoraho hamwe nuburebure, biratunganye. PVC ni ibikoresho bizwi kuriyi porogaramu hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo murugo bijyanye na profili ya plastike.

4. Impumyi

Impumyi, igizwe nibice byinshi bisa, birashobora gukurwa muri thermoplastique. Umwirondoro mubisanzwe ni mugufi, rimwe na rimwe uruhande rumwe ruzengurutse. Polystirene ikoreshwa kenshi kumpumyi yibiti.

5. Guhindura ikirere

Isosiyete ikora plastike ikunze gukora ibicuruzwa byambura ikirere, byashizweho kugirango bihuze neza kumuryango no kumadirishya. Rubber ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kwambura ikirere.

6. Ihanagura rya Windshield hamwe na Squeegees

Imashini zihanagura ibirahuri mubisanzwe zisohoka. Ipasitike isohotse irashobora kuba ibikoresho bya reberi yubukorikori nka EPDM, cyangwa ikomatanya rya reberi yubukorikori. Intoki zo gukanda zikora kimwe no guhanagura ikirahure.

Gukuramo plastike na Aluminium

Usibye thermoplastique, aluminiyumu irashobora kandi gusohora kugirango ikore ibice bikomeza. Ibyiza byo gukuramo aluminiyumu harimo uburemere, ubworoherane, hamwe n’ibishobora gukoreshwa. Porogaramu zisanzwe zo gukuramo aluminiyumu zirimo utubari, imiyoboro, insinga, imiyoboro, uruzitiro, gariyamoshi, amakadiri, hamwe n’ubushyuhe.

Bitandukanye no gusohora plastike, gukuramo aluminiyumu birashobora kuba bishyushye cyangwa bikonje: gusohora bishyushye bikorwa hagati ya 350 ° C na 500 ° C, mugihe gukuramo ubukonje bikorwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba.

Umwanzuro

Gukuramo plastike, cyane cyane mubijyanye nu Bushinwa Umuyoboro wa Plastike wo mu Bushinwa, ni uburyo butandukanye kandi bunoze bwo gutanga ibice bikomeza. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye bya termoplastike hamwe nuburyo bugari bwa porogaramu bituma iba ingenzi mu nganda zikora plastike.